不敢相信!牙膏的前世今生 The Surprising 7,000-year History of Toothpaste

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	不敢相信!牙膏的前世今生 The Surprising 7,000-year History of Toothpaste (上) The Surprising 7,000-year History of Toothpaste #素養 #娛樂·新奇 9/18 生活英語 作者 Enjoy Editors 閱讀時間 5分鐘 聽講解 聽朗讀 本圖文出處: MP3: 不敢相信!牙膏的前世今生 The Surprising 7,000-year History of Toothpaste 發現牙膏的真相。 目錄 / You Can Do This 英文試金石 / 中文翻譯 追根究底｜本集 精彩教學影片（講解老師：Alice & Bernice 老師） Discover the truth about toothpaste.         First, get the powder of ox hooves, some burnt eggshells , and pumice . Mix them together, take a small tree branch, and start brushing. No, it’s not a witch’s spell. That’s what you would have done to clean your teeth if you were an Egyptian in 5000 BC or so. Over thousands of years, different cultures used different ingredients for their tooth powders and pastes, such as crushed tree bark, oyster shells, chalk, and charcoal. Charcoal is still a common ingredient for particular brands of toothpaste today.         Starting from the 1800s, tooth powders were gradually replaced by the kind of toothpaste that we are familiar with. Early toothpaste included soap or chalk. Colgate, one of the most popular brands today, first sold toothpaste in jars in 1873. Later, it introduced its toothpaste in a tube that is similar to the modern one.         Standard toothpaste today has advanced greatly beyond the earliest powders. Typical toothpaste has an abrasive agent to remove plaque, fluoride to make teeth stronger, and a foaming agent to spread the toothpaste for better cleaning effects. Let’s be thankful we are past the point of brushing our teeth with strange ingredients. 單字片語整理 Words in Use ● remove [rɪˋmuv] vt. 移開，除去 ● chalk [tʃɔk] vt. 用粉筆寫 / 畫 n. 粉筆（不可數）、白堊(岩) ● advance [ədˋvæns] vt. 促進 vi. 前進，行進 n. 進步；預付款 ● replace [rɪˋples] vt. 取代 ● ingredient [ɪnˋgridɪənt] n. （食品）成分；（成功的）要素 ● ox [ɑks] n. （去勢的）公牛 ● oyster [ˋɔɪstɚ] n. . 牡蠣，蠔 ● powder [ˋpaʊdɚ] vt. 灑粉 n. 粉末 ● thankful [ˋθæŋkfəl] a. 感謝的，感激的 ● jar [dʒɑr] n. 罐（尤指玻璃罐） ● hooves [ˋhuvz] n. 蹄（複數形） ● charcoal [ˋtʃɑr͵kol] n. 木炭 ● eggshell [ˋɛg͵ʃɛl] n. 蛋殼 ● pumice [ˋpʌmɪs] n. 輕石;浮石 ● crushed [krʌʃt] a. 壓碎的 Practical Phrases ● such as... 例如…… Roger has many hobbies, such as hiking and stamp collecting. 羅傑有很多嗜好，例如健行和集郵。 ● be similar to sth 和⋯⋯相似 Your taste in clothes is similar to mine. 你的穿著品味和我很相似。 ● be replaced by... 被⋯⋯取代 The seriously ill actor was replaced by another one. 這位重病的演員被另一個人取代了。 You Can Do This 英文試金石 請圈選出最適當的選項以完成句子 ❶ Nothing can (recover / replace / respect) a mother’s love and care. ❷ Andy’s clothes are (central / similar / typical) to mine. ❸ As the team continued to train and practice, their skills (insisted / objected / advanced) greatly. 答案：1. replace 2. similar 3. advanced 中文翻譯 發現牙膏的真相。 首先，拿些牛蹄、燒過的蛋殼和浮石做成的粉。將它們混在一 起，拿一根小樹枝，並開始刷牙。不，這並不是什麼巫婆的咒語。如 果你是大約西元前五千年的埃及人，你就會這樣清潔牙齒。數千年 來，不同文化使用不同的成分製作其牙粉跟牙膏，例如壓碎的樹皮、 牡蠣殼、白堊和木炭。木炭依舊是現今特定牙膏品牌的常見成分。 從 1800 年代起，牙粉逐漸被我們熟悉的那種牙膏所取代。早 期的牙膏包含了肥皂或白堊。現今最受歡迎的品牌之一高露潔，在 1873 年首次販售罐裝牙膏。後來，它推出了類似於現代版本的管裝 牙膏。 現今的標準牙膏比最早期的牙粉先進許多。典型的牙膏有能去除 牙菌斑的研磨劑、使牙齒更強壯的氟化物，以及讓牙膏擴散以達到更 好清潔效果的起泡劑。我們要慶幸我們已經過了用奇怪成分刷牙的階 段。