肚子餓了嗎?先去讀書吧! Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach

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	肚子餓了嗎?先去讀書吧! Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach #克漏字 6/20 解析英語 作者 Leila Pereira 閱讀時間 7分鐘 聽講解 聽朗讀 本圖文出處: MP3: 肚子餓了嗎?先去讀書吧! Why You Should Always Learn on an Empty Stomach 飢餓素由腸胃分泌，而且會刺激我們腦中稱為下視丘的區塊。 克漏字         Hunger is a sensation that every human being on the planet has experienced at least once in their lifetime. The signals of hunger—the sharp hunger pangs and grumbling stomach noises—often grow in __1__ until the thought of food overwhelms every other thought in our mind. So, it's a bit surprising that researchers at Yale Medical School recently found that hunger can actually __2__.         The research team had been studying the hormone ghrelin and the path it takes through the body. Ghrelin is produced by the stomach and is supposed to stimulate a part of our brain called the hypothalamus. This part registers hunger and compels the body to __3__ food. What the scientists discovered is that ghrelin is also found in the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain that handles learning and memory.         To test the effect of ghrelin on intelligence, the scientists designed some mazes and tests for their mice. They compared a group of mice injected with the hormone to a control group of mice that __4__. The mice given ghrelin outperformed the control group in every task and test.         Although it may seem counterintuitive, it makes sense if you look at it __5__ an evolutionary perspective. Our ancestors were hunters, gatherers, and foragers. When they got hungry, they had to chase down and search for their own meals. The task required extreme focus. So, the next time you’re studying for a final exam, being a little hungry may help you concentrate. 1. (A) demand (B) contrast (C) frequency (D) property 2. (A) keep us alive (B) make us smarter (C) lift our spirits (D) leave you healthier 3. (A) acquire (B) ensure (C) regulate (D) dominate 4. (A) didn’t inject (B) aren’t to be injected (C) wouldn’t be injecting (D) hadn’t been injected 5. (A) upon (B) at (C) from (D) by 答案：1.C  2.B.  3.A  4.D  5.C 目錄 / Tips & Analysis  /  More to Learn / 中文翻譯 Tips & Analysis The signals of hunger—the sharp hunger pangs and grumbling stomach noises—often grow in frequency until the thought of food overwhelms every other thought in our mind. 理由 a. (A) demand [ dɪˋmænd ] n. 需求;要求 in demand 被需要 • Facial masks are in high demand during the severe pandemic. 口罩在那場嚴重的疫情期間需求很高。 (B) contrast [ ˋkɑn͵træst ] n. 對比 in / by contrast 相比之下 • Life in big cities is busy. In contrast, living in the country is quite relaxing. 城市的生活很繁忙。相較之下，住在鄉村裡則是十 分悠閒。 (C) frequency [ ˋfrikwənsɪ ] n. (事件發生的)頻率/頻繁 • The increasing frequency of typhoons is causing great damage to crops. 愈來愈頻繁的颱風對農作物造成巨大的損害。 (D) property [ ˋprɑpɚtɪ ] n. 財產(不可數) • Hotels are not responsible for any damage to personal property. 飯店對於個人財產的損壞不會負任何責任。 b. 空格後的 until 表某件事會持續到某個時間點為 止，根據語意，飢餓的信號通常會變得愈來愈「頻 繁」，直到對食物的掛念壓倒了我們腦中其他的思 想，故 (C) 項應為正選。 2. So, it’s a bit surprising that researchers at Yale Medical School recently found that hunger can actually make us smarter. 理由 a. (A) 讓我們活下去 alive [ əˋlaɪv ] a. 活著的 • The firefighter went to rescue a little boy in the fire; fortunately, both of them came out alive. 那名消防員進去火場搶救一名小男孩;幸好他們都 活著出來。 (B) 讓我們更聰明 smart [ smɑrt ] a. 聰明的 • Sheepdogs are said to be smarter than other dogs. 據說牧羊犬比其他狗狗更聰明。 (C) 提振我們的心情 lift one’s spirits 提振(某人的)心情(spirits 恆用複數形) • The lyrics of the song always lift my spirits when I’m down. 這首歌的歌詞總能在我低落時提振我的心情。 (D) 讓你更健康 healthy [ ˋhɛlθɪ ] a. 健康的 • The doctor suggested that Kyle should eat light and healthy meals. 醫生建議凱爾飲食要清淡健康。 b. 空格前一句提到飢餓會占據大腦，空格後兩段提及 飢餓素(ghrelin)在掌握學習與記憶的海馬迴中被 找到，並發現注射飢餓素的老鼠表現優於未被注射 的控制組，故選 (B)，表有點意外的是，耶魯醫學 院的研究員發現飢餓其實可以「讓我們更聰明」。 3.This part registers hunger and compels the body to acquire food. 理由 a. (A) acquire [ əˋkwaɪr ] vt. 取得，獲得 • Julia invited her friends to view some works of art she just acquired. 茱莉亞邀請她朋友來欣賞一些她剛獲得的藝術品。 (B) ensure [ ɪnˋʃʊr ] vt. 確保 • The famous actress hired bodyguards to ensure her personal safety. 那位知名女演員僱用了保鑣以確保她的人身安全。 (C) regulate [ ˋrɛgjə ] vt. 控制，管理 • This device can regulate the temperature in the greenhouse. 這個裝置可以控制溫室裡的溫度。 (D) dominate [ ˋdɑmə͵net ] vt. 支配，主宰 • Harold dominates the basketball game every time he participates. 哈洛德每次參加籃球比賽都主宰全場。 b. 空格前一句提到飢餓素會刺激腦中的下視丘，可知 下視丘這個區塊會意識到飢餓並促使身體去「取得」食物，故 (A) 項應為正選。 4.They compared a group of mice injected with the hormone to a control group of mice that hadn’t been injected. 理由 a. 本題測試過去完成式的用法: 在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作，「先發生的動 作」用過去完成式，而「後發生的動作」則用過去 簡單式表示。 b. 本句描述的是過去發生的事，科學家們比較有注射 飢餓素與「無注射」的老鼠，注射的動作早於做比 較，可知空格應用過去 c. inject A with B 為 A 注射 B inject [ ɪnˋdʒɛkt ] vt. 注射 • James has diabetes, so he injects himself with insulin every day. 詹姆斯患有糖尿病，所以他每天都會為自己注射胰島素。 *insulin [ ˋɪnsəlɪn ] n. 胰島素 5. Although it may seem counterintuitive, it makes sense if you look at it from an evolutionary perspective. 理由 a. 本題測試 “from a(n)... perspective” 的固定用 法，置入後表雖然這看似違反直覺，但如果「從」 演化「的觀點」來看就說得通，故選 (C)。 b. perspective [ pɚˋspɛktɪv ] n. 觀點 • The company hired an expert to analyze its problems from a legal perspective. 該公司僱用一位專家以用法律的觀點分析它的問題。 More to Learn hungry [ ˋhʌŋgrɪ ] a. 飢餓的 • Doug loses his temper easily when he is hungry. 道格肚子餓時很容易發脾氣。 以下介紹 hungry 的常見搭配詞: a. go hungry 吃不飽，挨餓 • Milly is a picky eater who would rather go hungry than eat anything she doesn’t like. 米莉很挑食，她寧願餓肚子也不吃任何她不喜歡的 東西。 b. as hungry as a bear 飢腸轆轆 • Jeremy was as hungry as a bear in the afternoon since he only drank a bottle of milk for lunch. 傑洛米下午覺得飢腸轆轆，因為他中午只喝了一瓶 牛奶。 c. the hungry 挨餓的人，飢民 *the 加形容詞泛指同一特定類型的群體，因此 the hungry 即等於 hungry people。 • The organization aims to help the hungry in that region where a war just happened. 該組織旨在幫助那個剛發生戰爭之區域的飢民們。 d. hungry 也可以表「渴望的」。 be hungry for sth / to V 渴望(做)⋯⋯ = be eager for sth / to V • Since the pandemic has lasted for more than two years, people are hungry for normal life. 因為疫情已經持續兩年多了，所以人們很渴望正常 的生活。 e. 字尾 -hungry 表「渴望/渴求⋯⋯的」，可與名詞 搭配使用，形成複合形容詞。 • Power-hungry people may acquire power by any means. 渴望權力的人可能會不擇手段以獲取權力。 中文翻譯 肚子餓了嗎?先去讀書吧!         飢餓是地球上每個人一生至少會經歷一次的感受。飢餓的信號 ── 強烈的飢餓感和肚子咕嚕叫的聲音 ── 通常會變得愈來愈頻繁，直到對食物的掛念壓倒了我們腦中其他的思想。所以有點意外的是，耶魯醫學院的研究員最近發現飢餓其實可以讓我們更聰明。         該研究團隊一直在研究飢餓素這種賀爾蒙，以及它在身體裡會經過的路徑。飢餓素由腸胃分泌，而且會刺激我們腦中稱為下視丘的區塊。該區塊意識到飢餓並促使身體去取得食物。而這些科學家發現的是，海馬迴中也有飢餓素，該部位是大腦中負責學習和記憶的區域。         為了測試飢餓素對智力的影響，科學家為他們的實驗鼠設計了一些迷宮和測驗。他們將一群被注射該賀爾蒙的老鼠和另一群未被注射的控制組做比較。被注射飢餓素的老鼠在每個任務和測試中都勝過控制組。         雖然這看似違反直覺，但如果從演化的觀點來看就說得通。我們的祖先是獵人、採集者和覓食者。當他們肚子餓時，他們必須追捕並尋找自己的食物。這個任務需要極度專注。所以，下次你在準備期末考時，肚子微餓可能會幫助你專心。 單字片語整理 Words in Use ● compare [kəmˋpɛr] vi. （可與……）匹敵 vt. 把……比作 vt. & vi. 比較 ● sensation [sɛnˋseʃən] n. 感覺， 知覺；轟動（的事情） ● compel [kəmˋpɛl] vt. 迫使 ● overwhelm [͵ovɚˋhwɛlm] vt. 戰勝；（因強烈的情感）使不知所措；淹沒 ● revolutionary [͵rɛvəˋluʃən͵ɛrɪ] a. 革命性的；創新的 n. 革命家 ● intelligence [ɪnˋtɛlədʒəns] n. 聰明才智；情報 ● concentrate [ˋkɑnsɛn͵tret] n. 濃縮物 .vt. & vi. 集中 ● register [ˋrɛdʒɪstɚ] .vt. & vi. 登記，註冊；流露 n. 登記（本），註冊（本） ● ancestor [ˋænsɛstɚ] n. 祖先，祖宗；血統 ● stimulate [ˋstɪmjə͵let] vt. 刺激 ; 促進 ; 激勵 ● hormone [ˋhɔrmon] n. 荷爾蒙 ● grumble [ˋgrʌmb!] a. . 抱怨（常用複數） ● ghrelin [ˈɡrɛlɪn] n. 飢餓素 ● hippocampus [͵hɪpəˋkæmpəs] n. 海馬迴 ● maze [mez] n. 迷宮 ● outperform [͵aʊtpɚˋfɔrm] vt. 勝過，超過 ● counterintuitive a. 違反直覺的 ● forager [ˋfɔrɪdʒɚ] n. 覓食者