為什麼醫生建議 每年接種流感疫苗? Why Do Doctors Recommend Annual Flu Shots?

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	為什麼醫生建議 每年接種流感疫苗? Why Do Doctors Recommend Annual Flu Shots? 12/6 解析英語 作者 Duncan DeAeth 閱讀時間 8分鐘 聽講解 聽朗讀 本圖文出處: MP3 為什麼醫生建議 每年接種流感疫苗? Why Do Doctors Recommend Annual Flu Shots? 每年秋末流感季節開始時，你可能會聽到醫師或衛生局人員提 醒民眾接種年度流感疫苗。 目錄 / More to Learn / 中文翻譯(& 答案) 科普園地         When the flu season begins during the late fall of each year, you may hear doctors or health officials remind the public to get their annual flu shots. However, many people have asked, “If the vaccine is effective, then why do people need a new one each year?”         According to medical experts, people need a yearly flu shot because the virus that causes the flu is constantly evolving. The virus, known as influenza, can cause a wide range of uncomfortable symptoms, from a mild sore throat to severe muscle pains. For some demographics, such as the elderly or the overweight, getting sick with the flu can be deadly.         Since the outer structure of the influenza virus changes all the time, epidemiologists must work hard to develop new vaccines based on new strains of the virus in order for them to be effective. At influenza surveillance centers around the world, new strains of the virus are reported and analyzed each year. Around February, the World Health Organization (WHO) decides which of these strains are most likely to be prominent in the coming year. Scientists then get to work to produce a new vaccine before the next flu season arrives.         It’s also important to remember that the body’s immune system is constantly developing as well; it’s not just the influenza virus that is changing. That means a vaccine that might have been effective last year is likely to be useless after 12 months. That’s why experts recommend getting a new flu shot yearly to protect yourself and others. Remember: the vaccines not only alleviate the worst symptoms of the virus but also help reduce transmission of the viral disease throughout the population. 1. According to the passage, when are people most likely asked to get flu shots? (A) Around February. (B) During the summer season. (C) Near the end of autumn. (D) In the middle of winter. 2. What is the main reason doctors recommend the public get flu shots every year? (A) The quality of vaccines improves every year. (B) The vaccines alter the outer structure of the flu virus. (C) The body’s immune system reduces the effectiveness. (D) The strains of the flu virus circulating each year are different. 3. Which of the following statements is true? (A) People with obesity should avoid getting flu shots. (B) Old vaccines don’t work as effectively as new ones. (C) Scientists work on new flu vaccines before February. (D) The WHO is in charge of reporting and analyzing virus strains. 答案: 1.C 2.D 3.B 單字片語整理 Words in Use ● flu [flu] n. 流行性感冒（= influenza [ :InflU`EnzJ ]） ● recommend [͵rɛkəˋmɛnd] vt. 建議 ● strain [stren] vt. （肌肉）拉傷，損傷，拉緊，盡力 vi. 拉緊 n. 緊張，壓力，拉緊，損傷 ● deadly [ˋdɛdlɪ] a. 致命的 adv. 非常 ● prominent [ˋprɑmənənt] a. 重要的；顯著的，突出的 ● circulate [ˋsɝkjə͵let] .vt. & vi. （使）循環；（使）散布，傳播 ● symptom [ˋsɪmptəm] n. 症狀 ● evolve [ɪˋvɑlv] vi. 進化 ; 發展為 ● transmission [trænsˋmɪʃən] n. 傳送 (電視訊號); 傳播 (疾病) ● immune [ɪˋmjun] a. 免疫的 ● surveillance [sɚˋveləns] n. 監督，監視 ● remind [rɪˋmaɪnd] vt. 提醒；使想起 ● transmit [trænsˋmɪt] vt. . 傳送（電視、廣播等）；傳播（疾病或能量） ● obesity [oˋbisətɪ] n. . 肥胖症 ● vaccine [ˋvæksin] n. . 疫苗 ● viral [ˋvaɪrəl] a. 網路上迅速流傳的；病毒的 ● alleviate [əˋlivɪ͵et] vt. 緩和，使減輕 ● influenza [͵ɪnflʊˋɛnzə] n. 流行性感冒 ● demographic [͵diməˋgræfɪk] n. 族群 ● epidemiologist [͵ɛpɪ͵dimɪˋɑlədʒɪst] n. 流行病學家 Practical Phrases ● based on... 以……為依據 = be grounded in / on... The movie was based on a true story. 這部電影是根據一個真實故事所拍攝的。 ● remind sb to + V 提醒某人要…… Please remind me to call Jason at seven. 請提醒我 7 點時打電話給傑森。 ● evolve into... 逐漸發展成為...... Through months of teamwork, our idea finally evolved into a feasible plan. 藉由數個月的團隊合作，我們的想法終於化為可行的計畫。 ● a wide range of... 各式各樣的／範圍廣大的⋯ This suit shop has a wide range of quality tuxedos to choose from.這家西裝店有各式各樣的高級晚宴服以供選擇。 ● recommend V-ing 建議做⋯⋯ The doctor recommended relying less on over-the-counter medicine. 醫師建議少依賴成藥。 ● might have+ 過去分詞 當時可能／也許會⋯⋯（表對過去的推測） If Larry hadn’t run upstairs to save his dog, he might have been one of the survivors. 要是賴瑞當時沒衝上樓去救他的狗，他可能會是其中一名倖存者。 More to Learn overweight [ ˋovɚ͵wet ] a. 超/過重的，肥胖的 • Bruce is seriously overweight because he always has fried chicken and hamburgers for dinner. 布魯斯極為肥胖，因為他總是吃炸雞跟漢堡當晚餐。 字首 over- 表「超過、過度」。 如本文中的 overweight 是 over-(超過)加上 weight(重量)形成。以下列舉其他幾個以字首 over- 開頭的形容詞: a. over- + active(活躍的) = overactive [ ͵ovɚˋæktɪv ] a. 過於活躍的 • Kevin’s overactive mind makes it hard for him to fall asleep. 凱文過度活躍的思緒使他難以入睡。 b. over- + booked(預訂的) = overbooked [ ͵ovɚˋbʊkt ] a. 超額預訂的 • When there are too many passengers and a flight is overbooked, the airline must move some passengers to other flights. 當旅客過多且班機超額預訂時，航空公司得安排一 些旅客搭乘其他航班。 c. over- + confident(自信的) = overconfident [ ˋovɚˋkɑnfɪdənt ] a. 過度自信的 • Ben is overconfident, so no one likes him. 阿班過度自信，所以沒有人喜歡他。 d. over- + due(到期的) = overdue [ ˋovɚˋdju ] a. 過期未還/付/完成的 • You’ll be charged late fees for any overdue books. 你將會因為書籍逾期未還而被收取滯納金。 e. over- + populated(有人居住的) = overpopulated [ ͵ovɚˋpɑpjə͵letɪd ] a. 人口過多的 • This area has become overpopulated following the increasing number of the refugees. 隨著難民人數的增加，這個地區變得人口過多。 f. over- + qualified(合格的;勝任的) = overqualified [ ˋovɚˋkwɑlə͵faɪd ] a. 資歷過高的 • If you are told that you’re too good for the job, that means you’re overqualified. 若你被告知說是你太好了所以不適合這份工作，表 示你的資歷過高。 g. over- + ripe(成熟的) = overripe [ ˋovɚˋraɪp ] a. 過熟的 • It’s better not to eat overripe fruit. 最好不要吃過熟的水果。 中文翻譯(& 答案) 每年秋末流感季節開始時，你可能會聽到醫師或衛生局人員提 醒民眾接種年度流感疫苗。然而，很多人都問過:「如果疫苗有效 的話，那為什麼人們每年都需要接種新的疫苗呢?」 根據醫學專家的說法，人們之所以需要每年注射一次流感疫 苗，是因為導致流感的病毒不斷地在演變。這種被稱為流感的病毒 會引起各種不適的症狀，從輕微的喉嚨痛到嚴重的肌肉酸痛。對某 些族群來說，像是年長者或過重者，感染流感可能會致命。 由於流感病毒的外部結構一直在變，流行病學家必須根據新 病毒株來努力開發新疫苗，以使其有效。在世界各地的流感監測中 心，每年都會報告及分析新的病毒株。在二月左右，世界衛生組織 (WHO)選出哪些病毒株最有可能會在來年流行。接著，科學家 便會趕在下個流感季節到來前，開始製造新疫苗。 同樣重要的是，要記得人體的免疫系統也是不斷地在演變;不 是只有流感病毒在改變。那意味著去年可能有效的疫苗有可能在過 了十二個月後就沒用了。那就是為何專家建議每年接種新的流感疫 苗以保護自己和他人。請記住:疫苗不僅可以減緩病毒最嚴重的症 狀，還有助於減少病毒性疾病在人群間傳播。 1. 根據本文，人們什麼時候最有可能被要求接種流感疫苗? (A) 二月左右。 (B) 夏季期間。 (C) 接近秋末。 (D) 深冬時分。 2. 醫生建議大眾每年接種流感疫苗的主因是什麼? (A) 疫苗的品質逐年提升。 (B) 疫苗會改變流感病毒的外部結構。 (C) 身體免疫系統降低疫苗效力。 (D) 每年流行的流感病毒株不同。 3. 下列敘述何者是正確的? (A) 肥胖者應避免接種流感疫苗。 (B) 舊疫苗不如新疫苗有效。 (C) 科學家在二月前研究新的流感疫苗。 (D) 世界衛生組織負責報告和分析病毒株。