標題: 日本鳥居 | 通往神域的入口 Torii: The Spiritual Symbol of Japan [打印本頁] 作者: liu456 時間: 2022-10-13 21:13 標題: 日本鳥居 | 通往神域的入口 Torii: The Spiritual Symbol of Japan 本帖最後由 liu456 於 2022-10-13 21:50 編輯
The torii of Japan is one of the many symbols of the country. These simple yet mystifying gates dot the Japanese __1__. But where exactly do they come from, and what do they represent?
While the origins of these aesthetic-looking gates are not clear, many historians believe that they have been __2__ from India or China. In India, gates called torana appear at entrances to Buddhist and Hindu temples. The name torana also sounds a bit similar to torii, which further __3__ the theory. In China, similar structures known as pailou are built at the entrances to Buddhist and Taoist temples as well. Japanese legend, however, says differently.
According to the Kojiki, a collection of myths written in 712 about Japan and its local deities or kami, the origin of torii has to do with Amaterasu, the sun goddess of the Shinto religion. She became outraged by her __4__ brother’s destructive behavior. She then locked herself in a cave, plunging the world into __5__. Other kami thought of a way to entice her to come out: to get the bird of the morning to call out. They __6__ a perch in front of the cave and positioned roosters on it. This perch was the first torii. Upon hearing the roosters call, Amaterasu emerged to see what was going on, returning light to the world. The story sounds __7__ since the Japanese characters for torii literally mean “bird home.”
The torii __8__ the border between the living world and the spirit world. When one crosses through a torii, they are entering __9__ land, the land of the kami. Each torii that a person passes through means they are entering a land holier than the last. When leaving a temple, it’s important to leave through all of the gates you walked through when entering; otherwise, you’ll be __10__ in the spirit world. So, the next time you’re admiring a temple in Japan, remember to be respectful towards the kami and return to our world safe and sound.
(A) stuck (B) wicked (C) adds to (D) installed (E) darkness
(F) imported (G) landscape (H) sacred ( I ) reasonable (J) stands for
答案：1.G 2.F 3.C 4.B 5.E 6.D 7.I 8.J 9.H 10.A
單字片語整理
Words in Use
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theory [ˋθiərɪ]
n. 學說；理論
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sacred [ˋsekrɪd]
a. 神聖的
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myth [mɪθ]
n. 神話；迷思，錯誤的想法
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destructive [dɪˋstrʌktɪv]
a. 破壞的
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plunge [plʌndʒ]
n. & vi. 跳入
vi. 驟降
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spiritual [ˋspɪrɪtʃʊəl]
a. 精神上的，心靈上的
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install [ɪnˋstɔl]
.vt. 裝設，安裝；使就任（此意多用被動語態）
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legend [ˋlɛdʒənd]
n. 傳說
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landscape [ˋlænd͵skep]
n. 景色（可數）
vt. 美化……的景觀
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respectful [rɪˋspɛktfəl]
a. 值得尊敬的；體面的，相當不錯的
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emerge [ɪˋmɝdʒ]
vi. 出現，冒出（常與介詞 from 並用）
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stuck [stʌk]
stick的動詞過去式、過去分詞
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wicked [ˋwɪkɪd]
a. 惡毒的；缺德的
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reasonable [ˋriznəb!]
a. 合理的；講理的
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perch [pɝtʃ]
vi. 棲息 / 停留於
n. 鳥類的棲
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literally [ˋlɪtərəlɪ]
adv. . 照字面地，直譯地；真正 / 確實地
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aesthetic [ɛsˋθɛtɪk]
a. . 美（感）的，審美的〔英〕（= esthetic [ Es`HEtIk ]〔美〕）
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outrage [ˋaʊt͵redʒ]
vt. . 使憤慨
n. 令人憤慨的事
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holy [ˋholɪ]
a. 神聖的
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darkness [ˋdɑrknɪs]
n. 黑暗
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import [ˋɪmport]
n. 進口品
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mystifying [ `mɪsəˌfɑɪɪɧ ]
a. 神祕的，令人困惑的
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deity [ˋdiətɪ]
n. 神祇
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Shinto [ˋʃɪnto]
n. （日本）神道教
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entice [ɪnˋtaɪs]
vt. 引誘，誘使
Practical Phrases
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safe and sound 安然無恙地
I felt happy to learn that Ben had come back safe and sound.
知道班已經安然無恙地回來，我感到很高興。
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stand for... 代表 / 象徵......
To most people, roses stand for love.
對大部分的人來說，玫瑰花象徵愛情。
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add to sth 增添某事物
The fancy dress added to Wendy's charm.
這件漂亮的洋裝增添了溫蒂的魅力。
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have to do with... 與⋯⋯有關
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call out 大聲喊叫
Seeing the man trapped under a car, Katy called out for help.
看到男子被困在車底，凱蒂大聲呼叫救援。
Tips & Analysis
1. These simple yet mystifying gates dot the Japanese landscape.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the 和形容詞 Japanese(日本的)，故知空格應置入名詞以被 Japanese 修飾。
7. The story sounds reasonable since the Japanese characters for torii literally mean “bird home.”
理由
a. 空格前有感官動詞 sounds(聽起來)，可知空格 應置入形容詞或分詞以作主詞 The story(這個故 事)的補語。
b. 剩餘選項中除 (J) stands for 外皆符合條件，本句 後半提及鳥居的日文字面上意思即是「鳥之家」， 可知因為這樣，其他神明用公雞引誘天照大神現身 的故事很「合理」，故選 (I) reasonable。
8. The torii stands for the border between the living world and the spirit world.
理由
a. 空格前有名詞詞組Thetorii(鳥居)，而空格後亦 有一名詞詞組 the border(邊界)，且根據本段時 態，可知空格應置入現在式第三人稱單數及物(片 語)動詞。
b. 選項中僅剩 (J) stands for 符合條件，置入後表鳥 居「代表了」人界和神域之間的邊界，故選之。
9. When one crosses through a torii, they are entering sacred land, the land of the kami.
理由
a. 空格前有 be 動詞 are 和現在分詞 entering(進 入)，空格後有名詞 land(土地)，故知空格應置 入形容詞或分詞以修飾 land。
b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件，本句後半有同位語 the land of the kami(神祇的領域)，可知穿越鳥居就進入 了「神聖的」土地，故選 (H) sacred。
10. When leaving a temple, it’s important to leave through all of the gates you walked through when entering; otherwise, you’ll be stuck in the spirit world.
理由
a. 空格前有原形 be 動詞，而空格後有介詞 in，故知 空格應置入形容詞、分詞或名詞。
b. 選項中僅剩 (A) stuck 符合條件，置入後表離開寺 院時要走過進寺院時穿過的每道鳥居;否則，你會 被「困在」神域中，符合語意，故選之。
